Tuesday, January 23, 2024

The Conversion of the Samaritans John 4:31-42

¶4:31-42 In the mean while his disciples prayed him, saying, Master, eat. 32 But he said unto them, I have meat to eat that ye know not of. 33 Therefore said the disciples one to another, Hath any man brought him ought to eat? 34 Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work. 35 Say not ye, There are yet four months, and then cometh harvest? behold, I say unto you, Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; for they are white already to harvest. 36 And he that reapeth receiveth wages, and gathereth fruit unto life eternal: that both he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice together. 37 And herein is that saying true, One soweth, and another reapeth. 38 I sent you to reap that whereon ye bestowed no labour: other men laboured, and ye are entered into their labours. 39 And many of the Samaritans of that city believed on him for the saying of the woman, which testified, He told me all that ever I did. 40 So when the Samaritans were come unto him, they besought him that he would tarry with them: and he abode there two days. 41 And many more believed because of his own word; 42 And said unto the woman, Now we believe, not because of thy saying: for we have heard him ourselves, and know that this is indeed the Christ, the Saviour of the world.

4:32, I have meat to eat that ye know not of. ~ For Jesus, natural food may nourish the physical body, but the soul is nourished by doing the will of the Father. Jesus said: in v34, ‘My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work’.  4:34, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me. ~ One is reminded of Christ’s words, “Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeded out of the month of God” (Matt 4:4). Christ spoke of the nourishment of the spirit. Oh, how Christians could advance the Kingdom of God is only that meant more to them than natural food.  And to finish his work. ~ Concerning this statement, one should think on John’s commentary from v4: “he must needs go through Samaria” (Also, see the commentary on v18.). The “work” of the Father was the saving of the remnant of Israel: the Samaritans were included.  4:35, Say not ye, there are yet four months, and then cometh the harvest. … Look on the fields; for they are white already to harvest.   Here, Christ is referring to the people of the city who were even at that moment coming across the newly cut grain fields dressed in their common dress, which was white in color (see v30). “White already”  has reference to the cotton harvest of that region that was yet four months in the future.  Jesus was the master teacher, utilizing the world around Him to illustrate His teachings.  4:36, Both he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice together. ~ Jesus is not speaking of a natural harvest of grain or cotton, but of a harvest of souls. The disciples were not to compete against one another for numbers, for one would sow and another would reap, but both would be rewarded (see 1Cor 3:6). The Lord’s Church is blessed with different types of ministers: bishops; presbyters: apostles, prophets, evangelist, pastors, and teachers; deacons and deaconesses (Eph 4:11-13); each have their part to play in world evangelism.  4:37, And herein is that saying true. ~ While a common enough saying among the Greeks and Romans, Jesus is most likely referencing the prophets (Deut 20:6; 28:30; Job 31:8; Micah 6:15). “He alludes to what often happens, namely, that after he has sown his field, a man dies before he gathers in the harvest, and so leaves it to another, who enjoys the advantage of his pains. But the application which our Lord makes of this proverb here, does not imply any discontent in the persons who sow without reaping, as it seems to do in common uses; for the sower and the reaper are represented as rejoicing together in the rewards of their spiritual husbandry” (Benson).  4:38, I sent you to reap that whereon ye bestowed no labour. ~  No labour of tilling or sowing the ground.  Other men laboured. ~ “Namely, the ancient prophets, in sowing the seeds of piety and virtue among the Jews, and thereby exposed themselves to great hardships, persecutions, and sufferings.  And ye are entered into their labours. ~  Ye are employed to reap the fruit of that seed which they with great difficulty sowed, for ye are gathering into the kingdom of God, into the gospel church here, and into the kingdom of glory hereafter, those who, by the writings of the prophets, having been endued with a sense of religion, are prepared for entering into it”. (Benson).  Other men laboured. ~ Jesus is, here, most likely referencing John the Baptist and the prophets of the OT.   4:39, Believed ... for the saying of the woman. ~ The woman from the well is portrayed as a missionary (evangelist) and is described in essentially the same words as are the disciples in Jesus’ High Priestly prayer of ch 17:20: “Pray I … for them also which shall believe on me through their word”.  4:42, The Saviour of the world. ~ While the Jews were expecting only a national Messiah, the Samaritans accepted Him as the Saviour of the entire world. The Samaritans had arrived at the revelation sooner than even His apostles. As late as the ascension they were expecting a national mission for the Messiah (see Acts 1:6). Islam, which accepts Jesus as the Messenger to Jewry, should take note of this universal mission that truly embraces them as well as the whole world (see Matt 1:1 and ch 4:13-16).


Apostolically Speaking,

Bp. Jerry L Hayes, D.D.

Tuesday, January 9, 2024

Come See, John 4:27-30, A Commentary


 ¶4:27-30 And upon this came his disciples, and marvelled that he talked with the woman: yet no man said, What seekest thou? or, Why talkest thou with her? 28 The woman then left her waterpot, and went her way into the city, and saith to the men, 29 Come, see a man, which told me all things that ever I did: is not this the Christ? 30 Then they went out of the city, and came unto him.

4:27, Marvelled that he talked with the woman. ~ Jewish religious leaders rarely spoke with women in public, let along teach them. Jesus did both. Jesus was different and seemed to court scandal (see Jesus’ interaction with women: Syrophoenician woman, Matt 15:21-28; the woman who touched the hem of His garment, Mark 5:25-34; the woman bent double, Luke 13:10-17; the constant contact with Mary Magdalene, Matt 27:56 and ch 19:25; the woman taken in the very act of adultery, ch 7:53 - 8:11; Mary and Martha, ch 11:1-44; the anointing of Jesus’ feet by Mary, ch 12:1-8; the second anointing of Jesus’ feet with tears by a sinner woman, Luke 7:36-50; the NT is clear that several female disciples traveled with Jesus through the countryside and from city to city, Luke 8:1-3).   4:28, Left her waterpot. ~  Here is an example of earthly concerns being set aside in the joy of the Gospel. The woman left here water pot in order to run into the city and proclaim the Gospel:   4:29, “Come, see a man, which told me all things that ever I did: is not this the Christ”?


Apostolically Speaking

Bp. J. L. Hayes, D.D.

Sunday, January 7, 2024

The Well Sitting On A Well John 4:11ff, A Commentary

 4:10, Gift. ~ Grk: dōrean (St’s #G1431) a gratuity, from dōron: a
present, specifically a sacrifice. John uses this word only here in the Fourth Gospel. It emphasizes the grace of God through Christ.
Living water. ~ Jesus continues the “water” theme He began in ch 2. (Also, see ch’s 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 19, 21.) Here the true subject is the Holy Spirit (see ch 7:37-39 and notes).  4:11, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with. ~ The woman misunderstood Jesus. Christ is speaking of Himself, but she sees only Jacob’s well. He was the well sitting on the rim of a well.  The well is deep. From as early as the fourth century Christian pilgrims reported a well in this area that was about 100 feet deep. When the well was cleaned out in 1935 it proved to be 138 feet deep. The well of Jacob represented national Israel’s fountain (cf ch 4:5).  4:12, Greater than our father Jacob. ~ The greatness of Jacob was his gift of natural water. Jesus had come to fulfill and replace the natural with the spiritual: To the Jews Jesus said, ‘You (all) must be born again into a spiritual Kingdom’: (ch 3:1-10); To the Samaritans Jesus was replacing (fulfilling) Jacob’s gift of natural water with the spiritual Water of Life (v14).   4:13-14, Jesus answered. These two vv are Jesus’ answer to the woman’s question: “Art thou greater than our father Jacob?” Yes. “Whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst (again)”. The gift of Christ is greater than the gift of Jacob. Mt Calvary crowned Mount Zion, Ebal and Gerizim.   4:14, Shall be in him a well of water. ~ See ch 7:37-38 and notes there.   4:15, Sir, give me this water. ~ Perhaps a sarcastic response. However, between this statement and the woman’s acceptance of Jesus as a prophet in v19, Jesus got her attention by revealing her sin: “Go, call thy husband” (v16).   4:18, Hast had five husbands ... now hast is not thy husband. ~ She had had six men. five of them Jesus recognized as legitimate husbands, but the one she now lived with was not hers. (This may give insight as to why she was at the well at noon time - alone. See note on vv6-8.) Since it is not likely that this woman had outlived five men, this raises an interesting question on Jesus’ acceptance of divorce and remarriage. (See on Matt 5:31-32 and 19:3-9).  At a much deeper and profound level Jesus’ reference to her “husdands” may very well be recalling the history of Samaria. If this is, indeed, what Christ is speaking to, He is bringing a kingdom dimension into this dialogue. In this case the woman would represent the Samaritan people and the “husbands” would represent the past rulers of Samaria. The first husband (since the region’s break from the House of David) was Israel; the second, Assyria; third, Babylon; fourth, Persia; fifth, Greece. In this scenario Rome would be the sixth, which would have something illegitimate attached to it. Also, in this scenario Jesus is presenting Himself as the Son of David, the legitimate husband of all Israel, Who had come to reunite the people of God: One Bridegroom united to one Bride.   4:20, Worshipped in this mountain. ~ Mt Ebal (Deut 27:4). According to the Samaritan Scriptures mount Gerizim (rather than Mt Ebal) was the mountain on which Moses had commanded an altar to be built (Deut 27:4-6). Not only had God instructed Moses to establish worship there and Joshua complied (Josh 8:30-35), but in the fourth century B.C. the Samaritans built a temple on Mt Gerizim (built in 400 B.C. and was destroyed by the Jews in 128 B.C.) to rival Mt Zion in Jerusalem.   4:21-24, Father … God … spirit and truth … Spirit. ~ In this passage the terms Father and God are synonymous (reference the same subject): therefore, v24 identifies God the Father as a Spirit. Moreover, Hebrews 12:9 identifies the Father as the Father of all spirits. Verses 23 and 24 instructs to worship Father God “in spirit and truth”. In modern time the Pluralists have weaponized this reference to “spirit and truth” as a proof text to reference the Holy Spirit (spirit) and the Son of God (truth) as distinct god-persons that are to be worshipped along with the Father. I would be kind to say that this is wishful thinking. But, it does demonstrate the ridiculous limits false doctrine will go to attempt an impossible evidence for an apparent lie. False doctrine makes smart people stupid. Truth has boundaries, error has none.  4:21, The hour cometh. ~ Jesus speaks of the replacement (fulfillment) of both Mt Ebal and Mt Zion as the place of worship. The new temple will be the Church (1Tim 3:15; Eph 2:21; 1Cor 3:9). A fixed geography for worship will be no more. On this topic the writer of the book of Hebrews would say, “For here we have no continuing city; but we seek one to come” (Heb 13:14). To this end, the veil in the Temple was torn. Jerusalem and the Temple would be destroyed (see Matt ch 24) and the true Temple of God would be a universal building, i.e. the Church (see ch 4:24).   4:22, We know what we worship. ~ Jesus validates the Hebrew concept of God. (The Hebrew concept was/is that God is a radical one: see Deuteronomy 6:4, “Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD”.) This must be kept in mind when the Oneness of God is attacked by those who claim a superior understanding to that of the Jews. As to His deity, Jesus of the N.T. is the one Yahweh of the O.T.   4:23, Spirit and in truth.  ~ Jesus announced that the time had come for “true worshippers” (implies there were [and would be] false worshippers—see Matt 7:21-23) to worship in two dimensions, i.e. the spirit (Grk: pneumate St’s #G4151 either spiritual as opposed to carnal, or, spirited, as in lively, but most likely both), and in truth (Grk: alētheiai, St’s #G225, has doctrine in view). Spiritual, and even spirited worship is demonstrated in the N.T. by the Church at Pentecost which spoke in tongues as the evidence of Holy Spirit infilling, and were demonstrative in worship (see Acts 2:4 and 13 respectively). Worshipping in truth is also demonstrated by the Church following the Apostles teaching (see Acts 2:42, i.e. the Apostles doctrine). Therefore, “true worshippers” are Pentecostal in experience and Apostolic in doctrine.   4:24, God is a Spirit. ~ Basic to God is that He is Spirit, and that He is One Spirit (Eph 4:4). Characteristic of true worship is spirit and truth (v23). Spirit, not outward form, but from the inner man (also animated worship). Must not have ritual without power (2 Tim 3:5, “Having a form of godliness, but deny the power thereof: from such turn away”.).  Truth. ~ Pure teaching. Only truth sets free (John 8:32, “the truth shall make you free”), only truth sanctifies (John 17:17, “sanctify them through thy truth, thy word is truth”.).   4:25, Messias. ~ Messiah. The Samaritan expectation was not for a King of the Davidic line, but for a prophet like unto Moses (Deut 18:15). See v42. They rejected all O.T. Scriptures except the Pentateuch (Torah), therefore they knew very little about the Messiah; not knowing, as they did not, the prophecies of the prophets concerning Him (especially the prophecies of Isaiah). They viewed Him to be a great teacher, such as was Moses.   4:26, I that speak unto thee am he. ~ Lit ‘I Am.’ since the word ‘he’ is italicized it is not in the original. Here the phrase ‘I AM’ (Grk: Egō eimi) is the equivalent for the O.T. self designation for Yahweh (Ex 3:14; Isa 41:4, 10; 43:1-3, 10, 13; see ch18:5, 6, 7; and especially ch 8:28, 58). If the Samaritan woman thought she was speaking to a prophet like unto Moses she was only partly correct—she was speaking to the God of Moses!  


Apostolically Speaking,

Bp. J. L. Hayes, D.D.


Read more from the Bishop's commentary on the Fourth Gospel:
"The Gospel According to John, An Introduction"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-gospel-according-to-john.html

"Prologue To John's Gospel, 1:1-18, (Part I)"
http://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/john-and-logos.html

"Prologue To John's Gospel, 1:1-18 (Part II)"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/prologue-to-johns-gospel-11-18-part-ii.html

"The Baptist Witnesses Of Himself, 1:19-28"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-baptist-witnesses-of-himself.html

"The Baptist Witnesses Of Christ, 1:29-34"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-baptist-witnesses-to-christ.html

"The First Disciples, 1:35-51"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-first-disciples.html

"The Wedding of Cana, 2:1-11"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/06/the-wedding-at-cana.html



If the Bishop's ministry is a blessing to you, please consider making a monetary offering of any amount to the link given here: 
https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=4EXSWA2A47ARC

Saturday, December 30, 2023

The Samaritan Woman, John 4:1-10, A Commentary

 ¶4:1-26 When therefore the Lord knew how the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more
disciples than John (ch 3:22, 26), 2 (Though Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples,) 3 He left Judaea, and departed again into Galilee. 4 And he must needs go through Samaria. 5 Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph (Gen 33:18-19; 48:22; Josh 24:32). 6 Now Jacob's well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat thus on the well: and it was about the sixth hour. 7 There cometh a woman of Samaria to draw water: Jesus saith unto her, Give me to drink. 8 (For his disciples were gone away unto the city to buy meat.) 9 Then saith the woman of Samaria unto him, How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a woman of Samaria? for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans (2 Kgs 17:24; Matt 10:5; Luke 9:52-53; Acts 10:28). 10 Jesus answered and said unto her, If thou knewest the gift of God, and who it is that saith to thee, Give me to drink; thou wouldest have asked of him, and he would have given thee living water (Isa 12:3; 44:3; 55:1; Jer 2:13; Zech 13:1; 14:8).

¶4:1, The Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John. The religious leaders took a close interest in John the Baptist (see ch 1:24) and then, also Jesus. What the Pharisees had heard of Jesus was untrue, at least in part.   4:2, But the disciples. ~ See ch 3:22. We are not to take from this that Jesus did not esteem water baptism as important for He did require it for one’s salvation (Mark 16:16 He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; ... .) As a pastor in a large church would delegate the chore of baptizing to under ministers so did Jesus delegate baptizing to His disciples.  4:3, He left Judea. ~ John records the end of the early Judean ministry. This early ministry met with great success, so much so that the Jewish leaders received the report that Jesus was baptizing more disciples than John. The Evangelist seems here to indicate that this report of the Jews to their leaders was the cause of Jesus leaving Judea. Jesus was not quite ready to be the center of controversy just yet. The synoptics generally pick up the ministry of Christ at this point.  4:4-26, ~ Jesus’ discourse with the Samaritan woman at the well of Sychar. This passage contains the teaching of Living Water. There is a stream of water running through this Gospel: 1. The water changed into wine (ch2); 2. The water of the New Birth (ch3); 3. The water of Mercy at the pool of Bethesda (ch 5); 4. The Living Water (ch 4); 5. Walking on the water (ch 6); The Ceremonial pouring of the water (ch 7); 7. The water of the Pool of Siloam (ch9); 8. The water at the washing of the disciples’ feet (ch 13); 9. The water mixed with His blood from the Cross (ch 19); 10. The post resurrection appearance at the Sea of Galilee (ch 21). 

Special Note:

The disciple should note here the highly covert form of the Fourth Gospel, in that there are 10 events of water and 10 is the biblical number of the works of redemption.  

4:4, Needs go through Samaria. ~ The ‘need’ is in Jesus’ mission—not in geography. Christ was journeying from Judea to Galilee (S to N). Between these two places lay Samaria. Because the Jews had no dealings with the Samaritans, the usual route was to cross the Jordan River in the S, journey N on the E bank and turn back W over the river after by-passing Samaria (see v9). The reason for this tension lay in the fact that the Samaritans were of questionable blood, being a mixed race brought about by Judea’s captivity in Babylon. Also, the Samaritans had consistently demonstrated unfaithfulness to the true faith of Yahweh, even to the point of building an alternant temple and establishing an alternant line of priests. However, Jesus “Must needs go through Samaria.”  4:5, Sychar. ~ (Shechem, according to Jerome.) Located between Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal. Site of the first altar to the LORD (YHWH) after the crossing of Jordan by Joshua. The Law of God was written on stones and planted on Mt Ebal. The Law was first established here (Deut 11:29; 27:2-26). The Ark of the Testimony was positioned between the two mountains at this site (Josh 8:30-35). The 12 tribes divided: half on Mt Gerizim, half on Mt Ebal. A blessing and a cruse was pronounced. Also, here Joseph was buried (Josh 24:32). Jesus ‘must needs’ go to Shechem to identify with all that took place there (here the Kingdom was divided between Rehaboam and Jeroboam (1 Kgs ch 12). But most importantly, He had come to assume the identity of all that spoke of Him.  4:6-8, Sixth hour. ~ (12:00 noon.) See the note on ch 1:39. A woman at the well at noon was an oddity. Wells were communal and a place of social gatherings for the village women, normally in the morning and evening. Being at the well alone, when, the women of the community were not likely to be present is an indication that this particular woman was an outcast to her town’s social circle.  4:6, Jacob’s well. ~ Mentioned nowhere else in Scripture. From a Christian perspective, the reference in John's Gospel to the well seems to hint at a deeper nuptial reading of Jesus as the Bridegroom of Israel come to reunite the divided tribes through a spiritual union with Him, the long-awaited Messiah; see St. Augustine's Tractate 15 on the Gospel of John. Also see v18 and note.  4:7, A woman. ~ Tradition has recognized this woman’s name as “Photini.”  4:9, The Jews have no dealings. ~ Jesus was readily identifiable as a Jew—perhaps His clothing. She was confused as to why a Jew would ask her, a Samaritan woman, for a drink of water. The reason for her surprise is that Jews considered Samaritan women ritually impure and were, therefore, forbidden to drink from any vessel they had handled. “For the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans” is literally: “For the Jews do not use dishes Samaritans have used.” The following is a reading from the wisdom book of Sirach, dated 200-175 B.C., which enhances one’s understanding of Jewish national thought towards this woman, indeed her whole people: 

My whole being loathes two nations, 

the third is not even a people: 

Those who live in Seir and Philista, 

and the degenerate folk who dwell in Shechem.  

Sirach 50:25-26

4:10, Gift. ~ Grk: dōrean (St’s #G1431) a gratuity, from dōron: a present, specifically a sacrifice. John uses this word only here in the Fourth Gospel. It emphasizes the grace of God through Christ. Living water. ~ Jesus continues the “water” theme He began in ch 2. (Also, see ch’s 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 19, 21.) Here the true subject is the Holy Ghost (see ch 7:37-39 and notes). 


Apostolically Speaking,

Bp. J. L. Hayes, D.D.


Read more from the Bishop's commentary on the Fourth Gospel:
"The Gospel According to John, An Introduction"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-gospel-according-to-john.html

"Prologue To John's Gospel, 1:1-18, (Part I)"
http://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/john-and-logos.html

"Prologue To John's Gospel, 1:1-18 (Part II)"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/prologue-to-johns-gospel-11-18-part-ii.html

"The Baptist Witnesses Of Himself, 1:19-28"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-baptist-witnesses-of-himself.html

"The Baptist Witnesses Of Christ, 1:29-34"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-baptist-witnesses-to-christ.html

"The First Disciples, 1:35-51"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-first-disciples.html

"The Wedding of Cana, 2:1-11"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/06/the-wedding-at-cana.html



If the Bishop's ministry is a blessing to you, please consider making a monetary offering of any amount to the link given here: 
https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=4EXSWA2A47ARC


Wednesday, December 27, 2023

The One From Heaven 3:31-36

¶3:31-36 He that cometh from above is above all (Mat 28:18; ch 1: 15,
27; 3:13; 8:23; Rom 9:5)): he that is of the earth is earthly, and speaketh of the earth (1 Cor 15:47): he that cometh from heaven is above all (ch 6:33; 1 Cor 15:47; Eph 1:21; Phil 2:9). 32 And what he hath seen and heard, that he testifieth; and no man receiveth his testimony (ch 3:11; 8:26; 15:15). 33 He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true (ch 8:26; Rom 3:4; 1 John 5:10). 34 For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God (ch 7:16; 12:44-50; 1 John 5:10): for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him (ch 1:16). 35 The Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into his hand (Matt 11:27; 28:18; Luke 10:22; ch 5:20-22; 13:3; 17:2; Heb 2:8). 36 He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him (ch 3:15-16; 1:12; 6:47; Rom 1:17; 1 John 5:10, 13).

¶3:31, He that cometh from heaven is above all. The Baptist acknowledges Jesus to be from above (see Micah 5:2). John’s testimony recognizes Christ as God, notice: ch 1:15 “he [Jesus] was before me [John the Baptist]; Matt 3:11 “he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost.” Jesus is the baptizer of His own Spirit (see John 4:24; Eph 4:4; John 14:17, 18, 26); ch 3:28 “I [John the Baptist] am sent before him [Jesus]. See Mal 3:1 where the One the fore runner was to go before is the LORD (YHWH). ch 3:31 “he that cometh from heaven is above all.” Here Christ is acknowledged as the Almighty (Rev 1:8 and 11).   3:34, For God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him. ~ The words of Jesus were words of Father God, because the One Spirit of the Father (Eph 4:4 cf 4:24) was resident in Christ without measure (Col 2:9-10; 2 Cor 5:19, see ch 1:14) so much so that He could say “I and my Father are one;” (ch 10:30), “he that hath seen me hath seen the Father” (ch 14:9), and “Before Abraham was, I am” (ch 8:58).  3:36, The wrath of God abideth on him. See v18 where Jesus says that if one does not believe, he or she is condemned already. As a fact of human existence, the entire race abides under the wrath of God (Rom 5:18a). One does not arrive there; one is born there (Ps 51:5). Our race is a condemned race. Christ offers us redemption from this condemnation (Rom 5:18b). If we accept Jesus (v16), we are removed from wrath and condemnation. If we don’t accept—our position does not change. We are already condemned. We abide (remain) where we are - under His wrath.


To be continued;


Apostolically Speaking,

Bp. J. L. Hayes D.D.

Sunday, December 24, 2023

The Baptist’s Final Witness To Jesus 3:22-30, A Commentary

¶3:22-30  After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of Judaea; and there he tarried with
them, and baptized (ch 4:2).
23 And John also was baptizing in Aenon near to Salim (1 Sam 9:4), because there was much water there: and they came, and were baptized (Matt 3:5-6; ch 4:1-2). 24 For John was not yet cast into prison (matt 4:12; 14:3; Mark 1:14; 6:17; Luke 3:20). 25 Then there arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying. 26 And they came unto John, and said unto him, Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, the same baptizeth, and all men come to him. 27 John answered and said, A man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven ch 19:11; 1 Cor 4:7; 2 Cor 3:5;Heb 5:4; Jas 1:7). 28 Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ (ch 1:20, 23, 27; Luke 3:15), but that I am sent before him (Mal 3:1; Mark 1:2; Luke 1:17). 29 He that hath the bride is the bridegroom (Marr 22:2; 2 Cor 11:2; Eph 5:25-27; Rev 21:9): but the friend of the bridegroom, which standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled (Song 5:1; Matt 9:15; ch 5:11; 17:13). 30 He must increase, but I must decrease (2 Sam 3:1).

¶3:22-24 In v22 Jesus is said to be baptizing, however ch 4:2 adds an editorial that it was His disciples who actually baptized as Jesus’ representatives (in His behalf). This is the best documentation concerning Jesus on baptism before the Great Commission (Matt 28:19; Mk 16:16; Lk 24:47). This is important to establish Jesus’ position on water baptism, especially so, when it is observed that the water baptism element of the Great Commission is questioned by many credible scholars. Even though, here, the N.T. records that both Jesus and John were baptizing disciples at the same time, later, after the birth of the Church (Pentecost A.D. 30) John’s disciples were required to be re-baptized in the name of Jesus (Act 19:1-7).   3:23, Aenon near Salim, ~ This area is thought to be in Samaria. Possibly about eight miles south of Scythopolis (beth-shean), west of the Jordan. There is a reference to Shalim in 1 Samuel 9:4. 3:25, A question … about purifying. ~ The Baptist’s ministry began in the region around the Qumran community; this has lead some scholars to suppose he had connection with that community. We know from the Dead Sea Scrolls that some Jews were deeply interested in achieving ceremonial purification. So, this “question about … purifying” may be an allusion to a Qumran perspective on purification vs the Baptist's view, or even the traditional Jewish one. However, the context of the question on purifying, here, is water baptism. The Jewish mikvah cleansed the physical person, making him ceremonially clean. The water baptism brought by John and Christ was for repentance and a far deeper  purification. The Apostle Peter explains the difference between the Jewish mikvah and Christian baptism in 1 Peter 3:21, “,… even baptism, doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ, …” I.e. the mikvah purifies the flesh, Christian baptism purifies the conscience (soul). Christian baptism has such power and authority “by the resurrection of Jesus Christ.”  3:26, Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, … all men come to him. ~ The disciples of John knew that he had born witness concerning Jesus, and yet, out of their love for their teacher, they were envious of Jesus’ success. Human nature remains the same, even today. In the Lord’s Church one ministry sends out other ministers and wishes them well, however, when the apostolates achieve success there is too often envy, even jealousy, from the sending ministry. Far too often, we want our disciples to shine, but not brighter than us.  3:27, A man can receive nothing, except it be given him from God. ~ These words are true of both Jesus and John (and of everyone). Both had what God had given them, so there was no place for envy.  3:28, I said, I am not the Christ, but … I am sent before him. ~ Here, the Baptist is referencing what the Evangelist recored in ch 1:20-28 (v23,  “I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias”.). The Baptist’s statement: “I am sent before him”, references Isaiah 40:3, “The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God”. The Baptist was not the Christ, but was, indeed, the forerunner of the Christ: as Yahweh proclaimed in Malachi 3:1, “Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the LORD of hosts”. It should be noted, at this point, that the One for whom the “messenger” (John the Baptist) was to prepare the way, was Yahweh; Who, in Malachi 3:1, references Himself as “me”: the single personal pronouns “my” and “me” are antecedents to “saith the LORD of hosts”.  In the King James Version of the Bible when the word LORD appears in all uppercase letters it is the tetragrammaton, i.e. YHWH (the four letters that stand for the name Yahweh). Why is this point important? Because the “messenger” actually prepared the way for the Messiah (Christ), I.e. Jesus. This is an undeniable proof, not only of the pre-existence of Jesus, but, also, that the Christ of the N.T. is, in very fact, the Yahweh of the O.T.  Furthermore, included in the Song of Zacharias (Lk 1:69-79), is v76, where the father of the Baptist states, “And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways”. Here, Zacharias has both Isaiah 40:3 and Malachi 3:1 in view. Moreover, when speaking of the coming Christ (Messiah), the O.T. Prophet Micah writes that His existence has been from eternity; he writes it this way in Micah 5:2, “But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting”. A third prophetic voice from the O.T. concerning the promised Messiah (Christ) which identifies Him as Yahweh, in human form, is Isaiah 9:6, “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace”.  3:29, Friend of the bridegroom. ~ John the Baptist’s testimony: Jesus is portrayed as the Bridegroom and his disciples as the Bride. (See Matt 9:15 and the parable of Matt 22:1-14, also, see Matt 25:1-3 and Rev 18:23 - Jesus references Himself as the Bridegroom.) The theme, introduced, here, by John, is continued throughout the N.T. (Matt 22:3ff; Luke 12:36; Matt 25:1-13; Rev 19:7; 21:2, 9; 22:17). John’s reference to loosing the shoe of Christ (ch1:27) is a reference to the redemption of an inheritance and/or a bride by a kinsman (Ruth 4:6-12; see Deut 25:9-10). In the Hebrew Bible, a form of levirate (brother-in-law) marriage, called yibbum, is mentioned in Deuteronomy 25:5–10, under which the brother of a man who dies without children is permitted and encouraged to marry the widow. Either of the parties may refuse to go through with the marriage, but both must go through a ceremony, known as halizah, involving a symbolic act of renunciation of a yibbum marriage. The symbol involved is the removing of the shoe of the kinsman who refused the marriage. There is a beautiful picture of this in the story of Ruth and Boaz (Ruth 4:6-12). The next of kin to Elimelech (Naomi’s dead husband) refused to redeem the inheritance which included marriage to Ruth the Moabitess, pulled off his shoe and gave it to Boaz, who redeemed both the inheritance and Ruth. In this O.T. narrative Boaz and Ruth are a foreshadowing of Christ and the Church. When the Baptist states, in ch 1:27, that he was not worthy to unloose the shoe of Christ he was declaring that Jesus, not himself, was the true Redeemer of the inheritance (earth) and the Bride (the Church). In this sense, the Baptist would be saying that Jesus was the true Son to inherit the Messianic Kingdom and he was not worthy to take His shoe, i.e. receive the inheritance himself. It is very likely that the Evangelist takes pain to record this saying of the Baptist because of the disciples of John who were going about proclaiming him to have been the Messiah. (See Ruth 4:7 cf Amos 2:6; 8:6.) The Baptist affirmed that he was not the Bridegroom, that he could not take the shoe from the true “Kinsman Redeemer” (Deut 25:9-10). Instead, he was the “Friend of the Bridegroom”.


Apostolically Speaking,

Bp. J. L. Hayes, D.D.



Read more from the Bishop's commentary on the Fourth Gospel:
"The Gospel According to John, An Introduction"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-gospel-according-to-john.html

"Prologue To John's Gospel, 1:1-18, (Part I)"
http://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/john-and-logos.html

"Prologue To John's Gospel, 1:1-18 (Part II)"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/prologue-to-johns-gospel-11-18-part-ii.html

"The Baptist Witnesses Of Himself, 1:19-28"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-baptist-witnesses-of-himself.html

"The Baptist Witnesses Of Christ, 1:29-34"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-baptist-witnesses-to-christ.html

"The First Disciples, 1:35-51"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-first-disciples.html

"The Wedding of Cana, 2:1-11"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/06/the-wedding-at-cana.html



If the Bishop's ministry is a blessing to you, please consider making a monetary offering of any amount to the link given here: 
https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=4EXSWA2A47ARC


Friday, December 22, 2023

Jesus and Nicodemus, 3:10-18, A Commentary

 


3:10, A master of Israel. Grk didaskalos (St’s #G1320) Lit. teacher: v1 has “ruler,” Grk: archōn (St’s #G758). Nicodemus should have known of the presaged national new birth. The prophets had foretold of it: Joel spoke of the outpouring of God’s Spirit as a national promise (Joel 2:28 cf Acts 2:16-21); Amos foresaw Israel’s new birth and called it the Tabernacle of David rebuilt (Amos 9:11-12 cf Acts 15:16-17); Ezeliel prophesied of Israel’s new birth through his visions of a valley of dry bones (Israel) that received new life from above (Ezek 37:1-15 cf Acts 2:1-4); Jeremiah foretold of a new covenant with the houses of Israel and Judah (Jer 31:31 cf Heb 8:6-13). Christ (the Messiah) had come to establish a New (Spiritual) Israel. He had chosen 12 apostles to replace the 12 tribes, and 70 disciples to replace the 70 elders (Sanhedrin). For further study on this point see Romans ch 11 and Galatians 6:16 cf Matthew 9:16-17.  3:11, We speak … we do know, … we have seen; …our witness. ~ This plural reference is, most likely, a reference to the combined testimony of Christ and John the Baptist which is referenced a few vv below. (See on ch 1:19-40.) Another consideration is that Jesus is speaking in the plurality of plentitude as did Yahweh in Genesis 1:26 where He said, “Let us make …”. The latter consideration would be in keeping with the parabolic manner of Christ’s teaching concerning Himself (ch 16:25).  3:13, The Son of man which is in heaven. This verse presents a few challenges, One: if ‘no man hath ascended up to heaven, but he that came down from heaven’, what about Elijah (2 Kgs ch 2) and Enoch (Gen 5:24)? Two: Most of the oldest Mss omit the last statement i.e. ‘which is in heaven’. And Three: If this final statement is allowed, the term ‘Son of man’ which indicates the humanity of Jesus, places the human Jesus in heaven and on the earth at the same moment. While it would not be biblical to assert the omnipresence of the humanity of Jesus pre-glorification, it is factual to assert that that which became human (i.e. the Word, John 1:1, 14) was/is, indeed, omnipresent.  3:14-15, As Moses lifted up the serpent. In these two vv Jesus likens Himself to the brass serpent Moses set on a pole in the wilderness (Num ch 21). The occasion was a plague of serpents that was killing the people. Jesus is, here, making the connection between the plague of serpents and the plague of sin within the human family. Moses was instructed to place a serpent of brass on a pole, so that the people, when bitten, could look on it and live. Brass is a symbol of judgement (Rev 1:5; 2:18). Jesus took the sins of the world upon Himself, thereby becoming sin (namely, the serpent, 2 Cor 5:21 cf 1:29); and judged those sins on the cross. The cross, then, was the fulfillment of Moses’ brass serpent on the pole. Thus, all who look to Jesus with true faith are delivered from the plague of sin (see v16). Lifted up. Grk ὑψωθῆναι (hypsōthēnai: first aorist passive infinitive of hupsō) lit. “be lifted up.” This is a phrase associated with the crucifixion.  This Jesus-saying concerning the crucifixion is only recorded in the Fourth Gospel (ch 8:28; 12:32, 34). Jesus is, here, prophesying the nature of His death.  3:16, Gave. Lit. “given over:” such as to death (Matt 27:16). Isa 9:6 child born: Bethlehem; son given: Calvary.  Although spoken before the cross, this is a proleptic statement that has post passion in view.  Believeth.  ~ Grk verb pisteuōn (St’s #G4100) is present tense, means: ‘he that goes on believing’. Salvation depends on holding one’s faith until the end.   3:17-18, Condemned. Grk: krinetai (St’s #G2919) Is the Grk root for judgement and condemnation. Jesus did not come to pass judgement nor to condemn a world that had judged itself by its unbelief. 


Apostolically Speaking,

Bp. J. L. Hayes, D.D.


Read more from the Bishop's commentary on the Fourth Gospel:
"The Gospel According to John, An Introduction"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-gospel-according-to-john.html

"Prologue To John's Gospel, 1:1-18, (Part I)"
http://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/john-and-logos.html

"Prologue To John's Gospel, 1:1-18 (Part II)"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/prologue-to-johns-gospel-11-18-part-ii.html

"The Baptist Witnesses Of Himself, 1:19-28"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-baptist-witnesses-of-himself.html

"The Baptist Witnesses Of Christ, 1:29-34"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-baptist-witnesses-to-christ.html

"The First Disciples, 1:35-51"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-first-disciples.html

"The Wedding of Cana, 2:1-11"
https://bishopjerrylhayes.blogspot.com/2016/06/the-wedding-at-cana.html



If the Bishop's ministry is a blessing to you, please consider making a monetary offering of any amount to the link given here: 
https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=4EXSWA2A47ARC